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W23 |
Biogeochemistry |
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ECTS |
2.5 |
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Specialities |
NEWS, HO |
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Keywords |
Geochemical tracer, Coupled numerical hydrobiogeochemical model, Natural organic matter, sources, structure, reactivity, weathering, fluxes, continental, interaction with solids, models, trace pollutants |
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Description |
This advanced course will provide the basics principles to understand the fate and fluxes or natural terrestrial organic matter in aquatic environments and also to the study its interactions with mineral surfaces (oxides, clays) and trace elements including pollutants (Zn, Cd, Ni, Hg ...). The focus will be on to the understanding of fundamental biogeochemical mechanisms. Both analytical development challenges and theoretical background will be developed in this course. The course will also develop the usefulness of coupled approaches between geochemistry and modeling to rainfall/runoff model at the basin scale or to coupled hydrological / hydrodynamic and biogeochemistry at the scale of ecosystems. The module will be based mainly on practical modelling works with few introductive lectures to each topic. |
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Coordinator |
Prof Dr Marc F. Benedetti, Université Paris Diderot, IPGP, Laboratoire de Géochimie des Eaux, benedetti@ipgp.fr, +33 1 57278461 |
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Lectures |
Natural organic matter (properties, fate and modeling), (10 hours: Courses and practical), Lecturer: Marc F Benedetti (Yann Sivry) 1.Carbon cycle and climatic impacts 1-1 General Box model. 1-2 The bulk terrestrial organic carbon cycle 2.Terrestrial organic matter. 2-1 Source molecules. 2-2 Degradation of the source molecules 3.Humic substances. 3-1 Composition and structure. 3-2 Chemical Properties and reactivity measurements 4.Interaction between DOM and pollutants. 4-1 Heavy metals cycle and chemistry. 4-1 Persistent Organic Pollutants 5.Surface complexation models 5-1 Mineral surfaces and metal ions from Langmuir models to CD MUSIC approach 5-2 Organic matter and metal ions the NICA Donnan Model. Stable Isotopes in biogeochemistry (10 hours: Courses and practical), Lecturer: Yann Sivry (Marc F Benedetti) 1.Generalities: 1) Some uses of isotopes; 2) Reminds on the internal structure of atoms; 3) The nuclides table; 4) Radioactive vs stable isotopes 2.Stable Isotopes - basis: 1) Principles of stable isotope fractionation; 2) Equilibrium fractionation; 3) Kinetic fractionation; 4) Mass-independent fractionation; 5) Rayleigh distillation 3.How to measure isotopic fractionation? 1)First step: chemical preparation of samples; 2) Isobaric and polyatomic interferences; 3) Mass spectrometry - major steps of the measurement 4.The « new » Stable Isotopes - applications: 1) Use of Pb isotopic geochemistry to trace human activities; 2) Use of Zn isotopes to trace anthropic sources; 3) Molecular-level speciation and isotopes to assess the biogeochemistry of trace elements in soils and sediments : Few examples on Zn 5.The use of stable isotopes to quantify trace elements labile pool (Isotopic Dilution Technique) Practical work in lab (6 hours: practical): Marc F Benedetti, Yann Sivry -Laboratory measurements on the properties of organic Matter (solid or dissolved) or -Laboratory measurements of the elements associated with the different geochemical compartments (soils and/or suspended matter). |
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Instructors |
Prof Dr Marc F. Benedetti, Université Paris Diderot, IPGP Dr Yann Sivry, Université Paris Diderot, IPGP, Laboratoire de Géochimie des Eaux, sivry@ipgp.fr, (33) 1 5727846627
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Control |
Each group of students will be in charge of a practical project and will have to present the results through an oral presentation |